Riesgo cardiovascular y hallazgos electrocardiográficos en población Jalisciense / Cardiovascular risk and electrocardiographic findings on Jalisco population

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables y hallazgos electrocardiográficos en una población de Guadalajara. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo sobre población general de una región sanitaria en Guadalajara, Jalisco. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, tensión arterial y diagnóstico electrocardiográfico. Resultados: Se evaluaron a 660 personas (edad media: 56.02 años; 69.1% mujeres). La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue de 75.3%, sedentarismo 53%, hipertensión arterial 46.5%, diabetes mellitus 33.03% y dislipidemias 25.9%. Como hallazgo, el 48.2% de la población presentaba una alteración electrocardiográfica, siendo los crecimientos de cavidades lo más frecuente (14.2%), seguido de bloqueos y hemibloqueos de rama (11.5%), dato mayor a la media esperada. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables tienen una prevalencia mayor a la esperada. Se registró una prevalencia alta de cardiopatías visible mediante electrocardiograma, por lo que esta prueba diagnóstica representa una herramienta básica para cuidado el de la población en general.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and abnormal electrocardiographic findings in a Guadalajara population. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study on a population of one region in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure and electrocardiographic diagnosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 660 individuals were evaluated (mean age: 56.02 years; 69.1% women). The prevalence ofoverweight/obesity was 75.3%, sedentary lifestyle was 53%, hypertension was 46.5%, diabetes mellitus was 33.03% and dyslipidemias was 25.9%. As an important finding the 48.2% of the individuals had electrocardiographic abnormalities. The most frequent abnormalities were cardiac hypertrophy (14.2 %); and the complete and incomplete bundle branch blocks (11.5%). Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors have a higher prevalence than expected. A high prevalence of visible cardiopathies has been registered by electrocardiogram, this diagnostic test represents a basic tool for the care of the general population.

Naringin reduces body weight, plasma lipids and increases adiponectin levels in patients with dyslipidemia.

Naringin is a citrus-flavonoid which has been shown to have positive metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. For this reason, we believe it would be interesting to study the effects of Naringin administration on body weight, BMI, lipid profile and adiponectin levels in patients with dyslipidemia, especially considering that dyslipidemias along with obesity and subsequent cardiometabolic complications are some of the most important public health issues plaguing our society today. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in a group of 28 adult patients previously diagnosed with dyslipidemia who attended the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics. Patients were divided into two groups; the first group (n = 14) received 450 mg of naringin every 24 hours, in the mornings, while the second group (n = 14) was given a homologated placebo over the course of a 90-day period. Significant differences were observed in naringin group compared to the placebo group in terms of decreased BMI (30.6 ± 3.19 vs 33.3 ± 3.23 kg/m2; p = 0.03), total cholesterol (182 ± 20.2 vs 245 ± 24.1 mg/dl; p < 0.01), LDL cholesterol (100 ± 17.5 vs 125 ± 38.3 mg/dl; p = 0.03) and an increase in adiponectin levels (0.82 ± 0.25 vs 0.59 ± 0.19 µg/ml; p = 0.01). Our results support the use of Naringin as a potential therapeutic agent which could play an important role in the management of metabolic disorders.

Efecto de la ingesta de tortilla con inulina sobre perfil metabólico en pacientes con dislipidemia e IMC > 25 / Effect of consumption of tortilla with inulin on metabolic profile in patients with dyslipidemia and BMI > 25

Introducción: La inulina es un prebiótico usado como tratamiento alternativo o preventivo de enfermedades como la obesidad, la hiperglucemia o diabetes mellitus y la dislipidemia, una estrategia para su consumo es ofrecerla en un alimento de consumo diario como lo es la tortilla. Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de tortillas de maíz enriquecidas con inulina sobre perfil metabólico en pacientes con dislipidemia e IMC >25. Métodos: Ensayo clínico de 1 brazo, se incluyeron 22 pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC ≥25) y dislipidemia; que reportaron ingesta de al menos 5 tortillas diarias, las cuales se cambiaron por tortillas enriquecidas con 1 gr de inulina por 90 días. Resultados: Se mostraron cambios en la glucosa sérica, al disminuir 10% en comparación con cifras basales (p>0.016). Se mostró tendencia clínica a disminución de insulina y colesterol total, resto sin cambios significativos. Discusión: Se encontraron diferencias clínicas con reducción de cifras de colesterol total de 40 mg en promedio, aunque no resultó estadísticamente significativo, lo que contrasta con estudios anteriores con ingesta de inulina en los cuales se reporta disminución estadísticamente significativa de los lípidos séricos como LDL y/o colesterol total, cabe señalar que la inulina utilizada fue de Agave Tequilana Weber, que presenta cambios en su estructura molecular con otras inulinas, además que en el presente estudio el consumo promedio fue de 4.32 g/día contra 7.4 g y hasta 30 g/día en otros estudios. El efecto hipoglucemiante resultante fue estadísticamente significativo para pacientes sin hiperglucemia ni diabetes, el probable mecanismo de acción es por aumento del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1, por otra parte no hubo cambios en el peso corporal aunque la inulina suele hacer cambios en la microbiota intestinal que suele generar disminución del sobrepeso o la obesidad. Conclusiónes: El consumo diario de tortillas de maíz adicionadas de 1 g de inulina disminuye la glucemia y muestra una tendencia no estadística a disminuir los niveles de insulina sérica y colesterol total (AU)

Introduction: Inulin is a prebiotic that could help as an alternative or preventive treatment of diseases such as obesity, hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, a strategy for its consumption is to offer it in a food of daily consumption as is the tortilla. Objective: To evaluate the intake of corn tortillas enriched with inulin on a metabolic profile in patients with dyslipidemia and BMI> 25. Methods: One arm clinical trial included 22 patients with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25) and dyslipidemia; That they present an ingestion of at least 5 tortillas daily, which were changed by tortillas enriched with 1 gr of inulin for 90 days. Results: Changes in serum glucose were shown, decreasing 10% compared to baseline (p> 0.016). Clinical tendency to decrease insulin and total cholesterol, rest without significant changes. Discussion: Clinical differences were found with a reduction in total cholesterol levels of 40 mg on average, but not statistically significant, which contrasts with previous inulin intake studies in which a statistically significant decrease in serum lipids such as LDL and / or Total cholesterol, it should be noted that the inulin used was Agave Tequilana Weber, which presents changes in its molecular structure versus other inulins, and in the present study the average consumption was 4.32 g / day against 7.4 g and up to 30 g / day in other studies. The resulting hypoglycaemic effect was statistically significant for patients without hyperglycemia or diabetes, the mechanism of action is by increased glucagon-like peptide type 1, on the other hand there were no changes in body weight although inulin usually makes changes in the intestinal microbiota, which usually leads to a decrease in overweight or obesity. Conclusion: The daily consumption of corn tortillas added with 1 g of inulin lowers glycemia and shows a non-statistical tendency to decrease serum insulin and total cholesterol levels (AU)